Geetham

Table of Contents

Geetham Origin

Geetham means “song” in Sanskrit. Purandara Dasa is the creator of Geetham series, as a step to introduce Swaram and Saahithyam together. In South Indian classical music, GEETHAM is the very first elaborated lesson series and it is also very simple to learn.

Carnatic music is structured in such a way that it starts out in a simple manner, and as and when you complete one chapter, your throat and your mind is ready for the next chapter. When you trace back the Geetham origin across the history of Carnatic music, you will find it in relevance from the 14th century. Historical development of geetham from the medieval times as a part of formalized music education.

Carnatic music is a language of the heart, where words are replaced by musical notes that communicate the deepest emotions.

Geetham’s Definition in Carnatic Music

The Geetham series is a strong base for upcoming lessons like Swarajathis, Varnams and Keerthanas. It is considered as an intermediate step after the chapter Alankarams. A student will start learning the Geetham once they have completed the Sarali Varisai, Janta Varisai, Upper Sthayi Varisai, Thattu Varisai and all the Saptha Thaala Alankarams with perfect SRUTHI in the three speeds and Thaalam. By this time the student must have gained a very basic knowledge about Sruthi and Thaalam.

These Carnatic geetham for beginners, are the very first lesson for a student, where he or she learns the combination of Swaram and Sahithyam with very few Gamakams. All these lessons are composed and aligned by Saint. Sri Purandara Dasar. This is also the part of Carnatic Music, where a student to Arohanam and Avarohanam in various Ragas and also after saptha thaala alankara geetham, Geetham is the chapter where the student will start sing in different Ragas and different thaalam. These are the importance of geetham in Carnatic training.

Till the Alankarams, the student will be familiar with the Raga Mayamalavagowla whereas in Geetham students start learning different Ragas. That is the purpose of geetham in Carnatic training. While singing the Geetham series one should sing the Swaras first and then follow it with the Sahithyam. Usually Geethams are sung from the beginning to end without any repetition, but in some cases a Geetham ends with singing the first two lines again.

Basic Structure of Geetham

The Basic structure of geetham in Carnatic music is pretty simple. Well, it is designed for beginners to understand the concepts of swaras and sahityam in a rhythmic format. It typically has a Pallavi (the opening phrases), anupallavi (a short continuation of pallavi) and charanam (the conclusion section).

Geetham Types

Geetham series are of 2 types. One is Samanya Geetham and the other one is Lakshana Geetham.

Samanya Geetham

Samanya Geetham refers to the Geethams which are devotional. They have one purpose – to praise or offer prayer to God or Aacharya. They have simple melodies and simple lyrics. Samanya Geetham is mostly set to Adi Thaalam, Roopaka Thaalam or Trishratriputa Thaalam. Samanya Geethams have a natural flow of Music.

For example: Sri Gananatha and Sri Gananatham Bahajare

In the above songs, we can easily understand the Sahithyam which is about Lord Ganesha and his significance. Samanya Geetham doesn’t carry the depth and the density of the Raga.

Did You Know?

Geetham is taught to a student to make sure the voice gets used to hitting all octaves.

Lakshana Geetham

Of the two Geetham types, Lakshana Geetham is more educational than the former. Lakshana Geetham is nothing but a song (Geetham) that explains about the beauty of the God as well as the Raga. It carries the beauty of the Raga in depth. This kind of Geetham carries Jeeva Swara and Nyssa Swara of the particular Raga. The technicalities and the characteristics of any Raaga can be understood when you practice Lakshana Geetham.

For example: Vara veena geetham in Mohana Raga has carried the significance of the Raga in the swara G.

Kamala Jaathala in Kalyani Ragam will explain the significance of Raga in each Swara beautifully. Since its Sampoorna Raga it clearly makes one understand the Swarthanas of each Swaras. Geetham is taught solely for the student to understand holding a tune, controlling their breath while holding a tune, and rhythm. These three are the key fundamentals of Carnatic music.

What are the 14 Geethams in Carnatic Music?

We know that the Geetham series in Carnatic music are simple melodic compositions that introduce the skills needed to perform a raga. Traditionally there are 12 geethams in the book of Ganamrutha Bodhini Down below is a table containing the list of 14 geethams in Carnatic music.

How Many Geethams are There in Carnatic Music in Order?

Here are the 14 carnatic geetham lists in order with its raga and thalam information.

Name of the Geetham	Raga	Thalam
Sree Gananatha	Malahari	Rupakam
Kunda Gowra	Malahari	Rupakam
Kereya Neeranu	Malahari	Triputa
Padumanaba	Malahari	Triputa
Analekara	Sudda Saveri	Rupakam
Kamalajadala	Kalyani	Rupakam
Vara veena	Mohanam	Rupakam
Mandara Dhara Re	Kamboji	Rupakam
Re Re Sri Rama	Arabhi	Triputa
Sri Govinda	Sankarabaranam	Rupakam
Sri Ramachandra	Bhairavi	Rupakam
Janakasutha	Suddha Saveri	Rupakam
Rere Sri Ramachandra	Arabhi	Triputa
Sulochana	Kalyani	Ruoakam

Geetham Composers

There are so many Geethams composed by various composers in various languages. The Geethams that we learn is composed by St.Purandara Dasa and it was aligned in a way that makes understanding the very basic concepts of Janaka Raga and Janya Raga, Swaras and it’s Swarasthaanas with Sahithyas.

Practicing the Geetham series in proper Sruthi and Thaalam with 3 speeds makes the understanding of the Swaras and gives good Gamakas for concerts. Especially practicing Arohanam and Avarohanam in three speeds gives good knowledge in doing Kalpana Swarams in future.

Our 1st to 4th Geetham was composed by Saint. Sri. Purandaradasar

5th Geetham Varaveena was composed by Appaya Dhikshithar
6th Geetham Kamalajadhala was composed by Saint. Sri. Purandaradasar.

Saint. Sri. Purandaradasar is commonly known as Sangeetha Pithamahar or Bhishmar of Carnatic music. His compositions are commonly known as DASA PADAKALU. He has composed many Kannada songs which were his mother tongue. He composed various songs in other languages also.

In South Indian classical music Geetham has been composed by so many composers. Some of them are Shyama Sastri, Muthuswamy Dhikshithar, Pydala Gurumurthy Sasthri, Venkata Makhi are some of the legendary composers. These are some of the famous geetham composers in South India.

A few of the famous Geethams are Shri Gananadha and Vara Veena, which till date is a famous invocation song for Lord Ganesha, and Lord Saraswathi respectively.

What is the Difference Between Geetham and Varnam in Carnatic Music?

Features	Geetham	Varnam
Level of complexity	Set for beginners	Set for advanced level
Structure	Pallavi, anupallavi and charanam	Pallavi, anupallavi, muktayi swaram, charanam and chittaswaram
Purpose	To learn the basics of raga and thalam	Mastering raga-laya concepts
Raga/thalam usage	Simple ragas in rupakam and thriputa thalam	Simple and Complex ragas in complex thalams
Ornamentations	No ornamentations required	Rich in Gamakas and nuanced phrasing

Geetham in Hinduism

Can we draw a parallel to Geetham and Geetham in Hinduism and say that Geethams were solely created for Hindu gods? Not really. It might have started out pertaining to one religion, but we now see a lot of other religion compositions also following Carnatic Style of Music.

Carnatic Music is and has always been the most sought out genre of Music. It’s a joy to see musicians of different genres using Carnatic compositions and tunes to enhance their work across the globe from time immemorial. Here is an exercise for our readers. Which is the famous Carnatic Pop Rock Fusion Song of Michael Jackson? Comment below.

Geetham, being the first lesson with sahithyam, i.e words, along with Swaras, the children learning Geetham, will have something to sing in any gathering. Vara Veena, Kamala sulochana, Re Re Sree Rama, will become household songs before the children completes Geetham.